A single .30 caliber rifle round, fired from 142 yards, striking the neck

If that account is correct, the resulting hydrodynamic event has well-characterized signatures. These signatures are not optional — they are the consequence of pressure-impulse fluid mechanics, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and Bernoulli–Torricelli flow.

They have been quantitatively characterized in the peer-reviewed forensic-fluids literature: Comiskey, Yarin, Kim and Attinger, Phys. Rev. Fluids 2016 and 2017.

Three independent hydrodynamic predictions

Each derived from peer-reviewed work. Each predicts a specific, observable signature. Each independent of the others.

Torricelli flow from a pressurized vessel

For an exposed neck wound at the prosecution's stated impact parameters, photographically resolvable blood (1 mL volume on the skin) should appear within:

Expected delay to a photographically resolvable bloodstain: 1–5 ms for carotid involvement, 5–15 ms for jugular involvement.

What the recording actually shows

Exhibit BS-04 — video2_1.mp4 (30 fps)

Frame 68 (T+0 ms): subject seated, shirt clean. Frame 70 (+66 ms): posture beginning to shift. Frame 81 (+429 ms): first mark on neck. Frame 82 (+461 ms): blood unambiguous. Throughout, the wound site is on exposed skin with no fabric obstruction.

Three independent predictions, three null observations

All three predictions fail simultaneously. The combination is what carries forensic weight, not any one signature.

No major vascular structure struck

If the wound channel missed both carotid and jugular, neither high-pressure jet nor venous flow is present. Visible blood would emerge only from minor capillary bleeding — on the order of mL per minute, not mL per second.

Accounts for: all three null observations simultaneously. Without a vascular reservoir to atomize, neither back-spatter nor forward-spatter can form, and there is no jet to produce rapid bleeding.

Caveat: a wound channel through the neck without striking either major vessel is geometrically possible but improbable for a high-velocity rifle round on the stated trajectory.

Pre-existing cardiovascular arrest

If vascular pressure had already dropped to zero before the moment marked as t=0, no jet flow would occur. Blood would emerge only by gravity drainage at speeds ≤ 1 m/s, producing slow welling rather than spray.

Consistent with: the decorticate posturing observed in video2_1.mp4 between F70 and F80 — a pre-existing brain injury or other cardiovascular collapse would explain absent vascular pressure.

Implication: requires the arrest to have preceded the apparent "impact" frame, contradicting the standard rifle-shot narrative.

t=0 is mis-identified

If "first observable shirt movement" at Frame 68 is not actually the moment of bullet impact — if it is shirt motion from a localized internal event preceding any external projectile — then 429–461 ms is not measuring impact-to-bleeding.

Consistent with: the gas-before-mechanics observation in the main analysis — gas escapes the collar one frame before any mechanical displacement. The signature of an internal energetic event, not an external strike.

Note: this explanation requires a different mechanism for the visible blood at frame 81–82; it does not by itself eliminate the wound, only relocates the cause.

The simplest unifying alternative

A localized internal energetic event at the RØDE Wireless PRO transmitter location, not an external projectile.

A non-projectile internal event produces no bullet wake through tissue, no major vascular jet, and therefore none of the three predicted hydrodynamic signatures.